Weird MacOS MoltenVK EXC_BAD_ACCESS on destruction of vulkan objects.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.31)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.30.5)
 project(Dyn)
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 26)
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ include_directories("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/inc")
 
 find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
 find_package(glfw3 CONFIG REQUIRED)
+find_package(VulkanUtilityLibraries CONFIG REQUIRED)
 
 foreach (file ${sourceFiles})
     message("Source File Found ${file}")
@@ -17,3 +18,4 @@ add_executable(Dyn ${sourceFiles})
 
 target_link_libraries(Dyn PRIVATE Vulkan::Vulkan)
 target_link_libraries(Dyn PRIVATE glfw)
+target_link_libraries(Dyn PRIVATE Vulkan::SafeStruct Vulkan::LayerSettings Vulkan::UtilityHeaders Vulkan::CompilerConfiguration)

inc/dyn/core/base.h

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ namespace dyn {
         return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<To>(from);
     }
 
+    template <typename T, typename ...Args>
+    ref<T> create_ref(Args&&... args) {
+        return std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
     namespace core {
         enum class RenderPlatform {
             None,

inc/dyn/core/debug.h

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
 #define DYN_DEBUG
 #endif
 
+#define DYN_WARNING_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::warnln(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define DYN_FATAL_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::fatalln(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define DYN_DEBUG_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::debugln(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define DYN_ERROR_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::errorln(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define DYN_INFO_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::logln(__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef _WIN_VER
     #define DYN_BREAKPOINT __debugbreak()
@@ -29,8 +33,6 @@
 #ifdef DYN_DEBUG
     #define DYN_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS
 
-#define DYN_DEBUG_LOG(...) ::dyn::core::debugln(__VA_ARGS__)
-
 #else
 
 #define DYN_DEBUG_LOG(...)
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 
 #ifdef DYN_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS
 
-    #define DYN_ASSERT(cond, ...) if (!cond) { DYN_FATAL_LOG("Assert failed", ##__VA_ARGS__); DYN_BREAKPOINT; }
+    #define DYN_ASSERT(cond, ...) if (!(cond)) { DYN_FATAL_LOG("Assert failed", __VA_ARGS__); DYN_BREAKPOINT; }
 
 #else
 

inc/dyn/core/logging.h

@@ -23,6 +23,16 @@ namespace dyn::core {
             print("fatal", msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
         }
 
+        template <typename... Args>
+        void warn(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
+            print("warn", msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+
+        template <typename... Args>
+        void error(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
+            print("error", msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+
         template <typename... Args>
         void debug(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
             print("debug", msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
@@ -35,7 +45,7 @@ namespace dyn::core {
         void print(const std::string& type, const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
             std::array<char, sizeof...(Args) * 3 + 4> buffer{};
             constexpr char c[4] = "{} ";
-            for (auto i = 0; i != buffer.size() - 1; ++i) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i != buffer.size() - 1; ++i) {
                 buffer[i] = c[i % 3];
             }
             buffer.back() = '\0';
@@ -62,4 +72,14 @@ namespace dyn::core {
     void debugln(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
         logger::def().debug(msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
     }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void warnln(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
+        logger::def().warn(msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void errorln(const std::string& msg, Args&&... args) {
+        logger::def().error(msg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
 }

inc/dyn/core/window.h

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@
 #define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
 #include <glfw/glfw3.h>
 
+#include "base.h"
+
 namespace dyn::core {
+    class vulkan_context;
+
     struct window_spec {
         uint32_t width;
         uint32_t height;
@@ -18,11 +22,25 @@ namespace dyn::core {
 
     class window {
     public:
-        window(const window_spec& spec);
+        explicit window(window_spec spec);
         ~window();
 
-        static std::vector<const char*> get_required_extensions();
+        [[nodiscard]] static std::vector<const char*> get_required_extensions();
+
+        static ref<window> create(const window_spec& spec);
+
+    protected:
+
+        static void set_window_hints();
+
+        [[nodiscard]] GLFWwindow* get_window_handle() { return _window; }
+
     private:
-        window_spec spec;
+        VkSurfaceKHR _surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        window_spec _spec;
+
+        GLFWwindow* _window;
+
+        friend class vulkan_context;
     };
 }

inc/dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan.h

@@ -5,8 +5,41 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <dyn/core/assertion.h>
+#include <dyn/core/debug.h>
+#include <vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>
+
+namespace dyn::utils {
+    VkResult vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance,
+        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo,
+        const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pMessenger);
+
+    void vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance,
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT messenger,
+        const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator);
+
+    void populate_debug_messenger_create_info(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo);
+}
+
+namespace dyn::utils {
+    extern const std::vector<const char*> vk_validation_layers;
+
+    VkBool32 vk_debug_message_callback(
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT           messageSeverity,
+        VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT                  messageTypes,
+        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT*      pCallbackData,
+        void*                                            pUserData);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool check_validation_support();
+
+#ifdef DYN_DEBUG
+    constexpr bool vk_enable_validation_layers = true;
+#else
+    constexpr bool vk_enable_validation_layers = false;
+#endif
+}
+
 
 #define dyn_vk_verify(f) { \
     VkResult res = f; \
-    DYN_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS, __FILE__, "at line", __LINE__); }
+    DYN_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS, "Vulkan error occured", string_VkResult(res), "at line", __LINE__, "in file", __FILE__); }

inc/dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan_context.h

@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <dyn/core/base.h>
 #include <dyn/renderer/render_context.h>
 
+#include "vulkan_devices.h"
+
 namespace dyn::core {
 
     class vulkan_context : public render_context {
     public:
-        vulkan_context();
+        explicit vulkan_context(const ref<window>& window);
         ~vulkan_context() override;
 
         void init() override;
@@ -22,12 +25,22 @@ namespace dyn::core {
 
         void cmd_end() override;
 
-        VkInstance get_instance();
+        [[nodiscard]] ref<window> get_window() override { return _window; }
 
-        static bool check_api_version_support(uint32_t api_version);
+        [[nodiscard]] VkInstance get_instance() const { return _instance; }
+
+        VkSurfaceKHR& get_surface();
+
+        [[nodiscard]] static bool check_api_version_support(uint32_t api_version);
 
     private:
         VkInstance _instance = nullptr;
+        ref<vulkan_physical_device> _physical_device;
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT _debug_messenger = nullptr;
+
+        VkSurfaceKHR _surface = nullptr;
+
+        ref<window> _window;
     };
 
 }

inc/dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan_devices.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//
+// Created by Neo on 2/24/25.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <dyn/core/debug.h>
+#include <dyn/core/base.h>
+
+namespace dyn::core {
+    class vulkan_context;
+
+    class vulkan_physical_device {
+    public:
+        explicit vulkan_physical_device(const ref<vulkan_context>& ctx);
+        ~vulkan_physical_device();
+
+        struct queue_families {
+            std::optional<uint32_t> graphics_family;
+            std::optional<uint32_t> present_family;
+
+            [[nodiscard]] bool is_complete() const;
+
+            static queue_families find(const VkPhysicalDevice& physical_device, const VkSurfaceKHR& surface);
+        };
+
+        [[nodiscard]] VkPhysicalDevice get_physical_device() const { return _physical_device; }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] queue_families get_queue_families() const { return _queue_families; }
+
+        static VkPhysicalDevice determine_suitable_device(const std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice>& available_devices, const VkSurfaceKHR& surface);
+        static uint32_t score_device(const VkPhysicalDevice& device);
+
+        static ref<vulkan_physical_device> create(const ref<vulkan_context>& ctx);
+
+    private:
+        VkPhysicalDevice _physical_device = nullptr;
+        queue_families _queue_families;
+        ref<vulkan_context> _ctx;
+    };
+}

inc/dyn/renderer/render_context.h

@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #include <dyn/core/base.h>
 #include <dyn/renderer/mesh.h>
 
+#include "dyn/core/window.h"
+
 namespace dyn::core {
     class render_context;
 
-    using render_command = std::function<void(ref<render_context>)>;
+    using render_command = std::function<void()>;
     using render_command_queue = command_queue<render_command>;
 
     class render_context {
@@ -35,10 +37,12 @@ namespace dyn::core {
         // end the frame, render to the screen
         virtual void cmd_end() = 0;
 
+        virtual ref<window> get_window() = 0;
+
         static void set_api(RenderPlatform platform);
         static RenderPlatform get_api();
 
-        static ref<render_context> create();
+        static ref<render_context> create(const ref<window> &window);
 
     protected:
         render_command_queue _render_command_queue;

src/core/window.cpp

@@ -3,16 +3,29 @@
 //
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
 #include <dyn/core/window.h>
 
-#include "dyn/core/assertion.h"
+#include "dyn/core/debug.h"
+#include "dyn/renderer/render_context.h"
 
 namespace dyn::core {
-    window::window(const window_spec &spec) {
+    window::window(window_spec spec): _spec(std::move(spec)) {
         DYN_ASSERT(glfwInit(), "GLFW failed to initialize");
+
+        set_window_hints();
+
+        _window = glfwCreateWindow(
+            static_cast<int>(spec.width),
+            static_cast<int>(spec.height),
+            spec.title.c_str(),
+            nullptr, nullptr);
+        DYN_ASSERT(_window != nullptr, "Failed to create GLFW window");
     }
 
     window::~window() {
+        glfwDestroyWindow(_window);
+        glfwTerminate();
     }
 
     std::vector<const char *> window::get_required_extensions() {
@@ -23,8 +36,21 @@ namespace dyn::core {
         std::vector<const char *> result;
         result.reserve(extensions_count);
         result.insert(result.begin(), extensions, extensions + extensions_count);
+        // support MoltenVK (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58732459/vk-error-incompatible-driver-with-mac-os-and-vulkan-moltenvk)
+        result.push_back("VK_KHR_portability_enumeration");
         return result;
     }
 
+    void window::set_window_hints() {
+        auto render_api = render_context::get_api();
 
+        if (render_api == RenderPlatform::Vulkan) {
+            glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
+        }
+        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_TRUE);
+    }
+
+    ref<window> window::create(const window_spec &spec) {
+        return create_ref<window>(spec);
+    }
 }

src/main.cpp

@@ -4,29 +4,30 @@
 #include <dyn/core/logging.h>
 #include <dyn/core/command_queue.h>
 
-#include "../inc/dyn/core/assertion.h"
+#include "../inc/dyn/core/debug.h"
 #include "dyn/core/window.h"
+#include "dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan.h"
+#include "dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan_context.h"
 #include "dyn/renderer/render_context.h"
 
 using namespace dyn;
 using namespace dyn::core;
 
 int main() {
-    // render_context::set_api(RenderPlatform::Vulkan);
+    render_context::set_api(RenderPlatform::Vulkan);
     // ref<render_context> ctx = render_context::create();
     //
     // ctx->init();
 
-    window win = window({
+    ref<window> win = window::create({
         .width = 1280,
         .height = 720,
         .title = "Dyn Engine",
         .fullscreen = false
     });
 
-    auto extensions = window::get_required_extensions();
+    ref<render_context> ctx = render_context::create(win);
-    DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Extensions Found:", extensions.size());
+    ctx->init();
-    for (auto extension : extensions) {
+    auto vkctx = ref_as<vulkan_context>(ctx);
-        DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Extension Found:", extension);
+
-    }
 }

src/platform/vulkan/vulkan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//
+// Created by Neo on 2/24/25.
+//
+
+#include <dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+namespace dyn::utils {
+    const std::vector<const char*> vk_validation_layers = {
+        "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
+    };
+
+    VkResult vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT *pMessenger) {
+        auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+        if (func != nullptr) {
+            return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pMessenger);
+        }
+        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    void vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT messenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
+        auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+        if (func != nullptr) {
+            func(instance, messenger, pAllocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void populate_debug_messenger_create_info(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *create_info) {
+        create_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
+        create_info->messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT;
+        create_info->messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
+        create_info->pUserData = nullptr;
+        create_info->pfnUserCallback = vk_debug_message_callback;
+    }
+
+    VkBool32 vk_debug_message_callback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
+                                       VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
+                                       void *pUserData) {
+
+        switch (messageSeverity) {
+            case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT:
+                DYN_DEBUG_LOG("[VkValidation Layer Verbose]", pCallbackData->pMessage);
+                break;
+            case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT:
+                DYN_WARNING_LOG("[VkValidation Layer Warn]", pCallbackData->pMessage);
+                break;
+            case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT:
+                DYN_ERROR_LOG("[VkValidation Layer Error]", pCallbackData->pMessage);
+                break;
+            case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT:
+                DYN_INFO_LOG("[VkValidation Layer Info]", pCallbackData->pMessage);
+                break;
+            default:
+                DYN_WARNING_LOG("[VkValidation Layer Uncaptured]", pCallbackData->pMessage);
+                break;
+        }
+        return VK_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    bool check_validation_support() {
+        uint32_t layer_count = 0;
+        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, nullptr);
+        std::vector<VkLayerProperties> available_layers(layer_count);
+        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, available_layers.data());
+
+        for (const auto &layer : vk_validation_layers) {
+            bool layer_found = false;
+            for (const auto& property : available_layers) {
+                if (strcmp(layer, property.layerName) == 0) {
+                    layer_found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!layer_found) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/platform/vulkan/vulkan_context.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,15 @@
 
 namespace dyn::core {
 
-    vulkan_context::vulkan_context() {}
+    vulkan_context::vulkan_context(const ref<window>& window) : _window(window) {}
 
     vulkan_context::~vulkan_context() {
+
+        if (utils::vk_enable_validation_layers) {
+            utils::vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(_instance, _debug_messenger, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(_instance, _surface, nullptr);
         vkDestroyInstance(_instance, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -19,6 +25,9 @@ namespace dyn::core {
         if (!check_api_version_support(VK_API_VERSION_1_2)) {
 
         }
+
+        auto self = ref<vulkan_context>(this);
+
         // create vulkan instance
         {
             DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Creating Vulkan context");
@@ -33,20 +42,58 @@ namespace dyn::core {
             VkInstanceCreateInfo create_info{};
             create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
             create_info.pApplicationInfo = &app_info;
+            // support MoltenVK (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58732459/vk-error-incompatible-driver-with-mac-os-and-vulkan-moltenvk)
+            create_info.flags = VK_INSTANCE_CREATE_ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_BIT_KHR;
 
             // extensions
-            {
             auto extensions = window::get_required_extensions();
+            for (const auto& ext : extensions) {
+                DYN_DEBUG_LOG(ext);
+            }
+            DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Extensions Found: ", extensions.size());
+            if (utils::vk_enable_validation_layers) {
+                extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+            }
             create_info.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
             create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();
-            }
 
             create_info.enabledLayerCount = 0;
             create_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr;
 
+            if (utils::vk_enable_validation_layers) {
+                create_info.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(utils::vk_validation_layers.size());
+                create_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = utils::vk_validation_layers.data();
+
+                VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debug_utils_create_info{};
+                utils::populate_debug_messenger_create_info(&debug_utils_create_info);
+
+                create_info.pNext = &debug_utils_create_info;
+            }
+
             dyn_vk_verify(vkCreateInstance(&create_info, nullptr, &_instance));
         }
 
+        // debug messenger
+        {
+            if (utils::vk_enable_validation_layers && utils::check_validation_support()) {
+                DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Creating debug messenger");
+                VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT create_info{};
+                utils::populate_debug_messenger_create_info(&create_info);
+                dyn_vk_verify(utils::vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(_instance, &create_info, nullptr, &_debug_messenger));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // surface
+        {
+            glfwCreateWindowSurface(_instance, _window->get_window_handle(), nullptr, &_surface);
+        }
+
+        // physical device
+        {
+
+            _physical_device = vulkan_physical_device::create(self);
+            DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Physical Device Created");
+        }
     }
 
     void vulkan_context::cmd_begin() {
@@ -58,8 +105,8 @@ namespace dyn::core {
     void vulkan_context::cmd_end() {
     }
 
-    VkInstance vulkan_context::get_instance() {
+    VkSurfaceKHR& vulkan_context::get_surface() {
-        return _instance;
+        return _surface;
     }
 
     bool vulkan_context::check_api_version_support(uint32_t requested_version) {

src/platform/vulkan/vulkan_device.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//
+// Created by Neo on 2/24/25.
+//
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan_context.h"
+#include "dyn/platform/vulkan/vulkan_devices.h"
+
+namespace dyn::core {
+    vulkan_physical_device::vulkan_physical_device(const ref<vulkan_context>& ctx) :
+        _ctx(ctx) {
+        auto instance = ref_as<vulkan_context>(_ctx)->get_instance();
+
+        uint32_t device_count = 0;
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &device_count, nullptr);
+        DYN_ASSERT(device_count > 0, "No devices found.");
+
+        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(device_count);
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &device_count, devices.data());
+
+        _physical_device = determine_suitable_device(devices, ctx->get_surface());
+        _queue_families = queue_families::find(_physical_device, ctx->get_surface());
+    }
+
+    vulkan_physical_device::~vulkan_physical_device() = default;
+
+    bool vulkan_physical_device::queue_families::is_complete() const {
+        return this->graphics_family.has_value() && this->present_family.has_value();
+    }
+
+    vulkan_physical_device::queue_families vulkan_physical_device::queue_families::find(
+        const VkPhysicalDevice &physical_device,
+        const VkSurfaceKHR &surface) {
+        uint32_t queue_family_count = 0;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_family_count, nullptr);
+        DYN_ASSERT(queue_family_count > 0, "No queue families found.");
+        std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> found_families(queue_family_count);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_family_count, found_families.data());
+
+        queue_families families{};
+
+        uint32_t idx = 0;
+        for (const auto &queue_family : found_families) {
+            if (queue_family.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+                families.graphics_family = idx;
+            }
+
+            VkBool32 present_support = false;
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_device, idx, surface, &present_support);
+
+            if (present_support) {
+                families.present_family = idx;
+            }
+
+            if (families.is_complete()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            idx++;
+        }
+
+        return families;
+    }
+
+    VkPhysicalDevice vulkan_physical_device::determine_suitable_device(
+        const std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> &available_devices,
+        const VkSurfaceKHR &surface) {
+        uint32_t prev_score = 0;
+        VkPhysicalDevice current_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        for (const auto& device : available_devices) {
+            if (queue_families::find(device, surface).is_complete()) {
+                auto score = score_device(device);
+                if (prev_score < score) {
+                    prev_score = score;
+                    current_device = device;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return current_device;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t vulkan_physical_device::score_device(const VkPhysicalDevice &device) {
+        uint32_t score = 0;
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &properties);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &features);
+
+        if (properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) {
+            score += 1000;
+        } else if (properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU) {
+            score += 500;
+        }
+
+        score += properties.limits.maxImageDimension2D;
+
+        if (properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2) {
+            score += 80;
+        }
+
+        if (features.geometryShader == VK_TRUE) {
+            score = 100;
+        }
+
+        DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Device Name:", std::string_view{properties.deviceName});
+        DYN_DEBUG_LOG("Device Score:", score);
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    ref<vulkan_physical_device> vulkan_physical_device::create(const ref<vulkan_context>& ctx) {
+        return create_ref<vulkan_physical_device>(ctx);
+    }
+}

src/renderer/render_context.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ namespace dyn::core {
         return s_api;
     }
 
-    ref<render_context> render_context::create() {
+    ref<render_context> render_context::create(const ref<window>& window) {
         DYN_PLATFORM_CREATE_BEGIN(get_api())
-            DYN_PLATFORM_CREATE_VK(vulkan_context);
+            DYN_PLATFORM_CREATE_VK(vulkan_context, window);
         DYN_PLATFORM_CREATE_END(render_context)
     }
 }